What is the dispersion phenomenon of lithium batteries like? During the assembly process of lithium batteries, due to slight differences in the materials that make up the lithium cells and varying levels of assembly craftsmanship, lithium cells may exhibit inconsistent performance during use and storage. The quantitative indicator used to describe this dispersion phenomenon is called the degree of dispersion, which is determined by the functional relationship of several parameters. The main factors causing changes in the degree of dispersion include resistance, voltage, capacity, temperature, and so on.

1. The inconsistency of battery internal resistance, especially polarization resistance, causes individual batteries to experience drastic voltage changes during charging and discharging, which in turn leads to drastic changes in the entire battery pack.

2. Inconsistencies in individual cell voltages will affect the battery pack's peak regulation capability, reducing the overall energy output of the battery pack.

3. Since the battery undergoes exothermic and endothermic processes during operation, its temperature constantly changes. When it overheats, it can lead to performance degradation and safety risks. It has been proven that in recent years, the triggers for fires during electric vehicle operation and testing were all caused by batteries overheating due to inadequate over-temperature protection. This applies not only to lithium manganese oxide batteries but also to lithium iron phosphate batteries.

4. Capacity is a serious factor in discreteness. Inconsistent capacity mainly causes two performance issues: first, some batteries may be overcharged or over-discharged, leading to safety hazards such as fire or explosion; second, low-capacity individual batteries end their operation prematurely, which affects the ability of other individual batteries in the entire battery pack to fully release their energy, thereby causing the overall battery pack to degrade in lifespan.

In order to minimize the negative impact of lithium battery dispersion and maximize the uniformity requirements of the battery pack, improvements need to be made from the perspective of production and usage.

1. During the production process, the lithium battery is designed to meet the requirements of large-scale mechanized production, seeking process methods to control product quality and ensure uniformity of the single battery in materials and internal structure.

2. During use, it is necessary first to optimize the sorting and matching technology to ensure that the consistency of the lithium battery pack is met in the early stage of use; secondly, to weaken the internal temperature imbalance of the battery, make the current density as uniform as possible, and reduce the connection method of battery contact resistance.

3. Test the surface temperature and flow rate of the battery pack, and choose a reasonable and scientific ventilation structure to ensure that the surface temperature of the entire battery pack is uniform, so that each battery is in the same temperature environment during use.

Poor battery consistency is a process that is difficult to control during the manufacturing of battery packs. Current control methods are not perfect, but it is necessary to enhance the understanding of the variability of lithium batteries in order to improve their consistency, which is also the foundation for doing this well.

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